This species was originally described as Cynolebias antenori and transferred to the genus Simpsonichthys by Costa.

Costa (2006) placed this taxon in the, then new erected, genus Hypsolebias. The new classification is discussed because of unstable diagnoses and Hypsolebias is considered to be a subgenus of the genus Simpsonichthys.

Within the genus this species is part of a group called the S. Flavicaudatus species group.

The validity of this name is also discussed as there were no type specimen deposited by Myers. It may be synonyme to S. heloplites if we follow Huber. See below.

Miscellaneous comments:

according to Huber (2006b), Myers's taxon is a nomen nudum and acknowledged as such by all authors (like its congener regani in the same article) ; it (regani) is accompanied by «a small, deep bodied fish, with larger scales, known only from 1 male and 2 females, collected from temporary ponds near Russas, on the Rio Jaguaribe (Brasil, State of Ceara), August 3. 1945» (the fish is collected with regani, another nomen nudum by Myers) ; the designation of a neotype by Costa (2003) is ambiguous since he himself considers antenori Myers as a nomen nudum and heloplites to be a junior synonym, a taxon with types ; following Lazara (2001), Costa (2003) considers that the aquarium article by Tulipano (1973) corresponds to a valid «un-intended» description ; actually, Tulipano (1973) publishes an aquarium report on color pattern of male, and maintenance and breeding, with a B&W photograph ; no other taxa are mentioned in comparison, except its then congeners bellottii and nigripinnis, with the statement that they dwell

biotopes with much cooler temperature {as an advice to high up water temperature in the aquarium for that case} ; this sentence cannot be considered as a diagnosis (no differentiation of the taxon is forwarded) ; on the other hand, Turner (1973) also publishes an aquarium leaflet with more detailed scientific data comparing the new import with Myers's taxon, but without a diagnosis, and the article is ended by «material of this species is now in the hands of the Cynolebias specialist, Vaz-Ferreira ; accordingly, this Index report should under no circumstances be construed as a formal taxonomic description or redescription of C. antenori» ; in conclusion, both taxa antenori Myers, 1952 and antenori Tulipano, 1973 are considered as unavailable and in the synonymy of (today) Simpsonichthys or Hypsolebias heloplites (Huber, 1981).

This species can be productive, and the fry is small. Immediately after hatching, the fry should be fed with freshly hatched Artemia nauplii (brine shrimp) or better Paramecium. As most annual species do, they spawn by diving entirely into the substrate. It is best to provide a container with a lid on top in which a hole is made to allow the fish access. That container will need to have enough peat in it for the fish to dive completely into it. For most Hypsolebias species, egg development is complete after 8-10 weeks. However, it is wise also to check a few weeks earlier to see if any eggs have fully developed. Do not let the peat dry too far because the Hypsolebias like it moist. The development will be slower at storage temperatures between 21 and 24 Celsius and speed up at 25-29 Celsius. Before watering the eggs, put some eggs in the water of about 18-20 degrees Celsius to see if the eggs hatch correctly. That usually happens within 2-6 hours. Then, if eggs hatched well and fry, swim correctly, bring all remaining peat in the water. You may need to re-pack the peat after pouring over the first group of fry to a larger tank.

With regular water changes and sufficient food, the young will grow quickly, and after about 5-6 weeks, they can already produce their first eggs. Since this genus has an annual life cycle, the expected life span in captivity is not much more than 10 to 12 months. Their life expectancy is limited to when their pool still has water in the wild. This period can vary from 6 to 8 months.

Remark:

It is unfortunate that many species that were described never reached the fanciers. This is because newly discovered species are placed in alcohol shortly after their discovery and description. Since Brazilian regulations prohibit the keeping and distribution of these species within their own country and beyond, it is impossible to take photos of these species, and only photos from the original description can be taken.

Look for detailed info on this species at: https://www.killi-data.org/ Membership is free!

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Myers, G.S. 1952. Annual Fishes. Aquarium Journal, 23: 139.

Carvalho, A.L. de. 1959. Novo Genero e novo Especie de Peixe anual de Brasilia, com uma Nota sobre os Peixes anuais da Baixada Fluminense, Brasil. Bol. Mus. Nac. (N.S.) Rio de Janeiro, 201: 2.

Tulipano, J. 1973. Cynolebias antenori. American Killifish Association, Killi Notes, 6 (11): 23-24.

Turner, B.J. 1973d. Cynolebias antenori Myers, 1952. Journal of the American Killifish Association (J. Amer. Killifish Assoc., JAKA), Index, 3 pp., fig.

Hoetmer, J.W. 1981. The Genus Cynolebias. British Killifish Association Publication, Separatum: 21 pp., 35 maps, 37 figs., tab.

Costa, W.J.E.M. 2006. Descriptive Morphology and phylogenetic Relationships among species of the Neotropical annual Killifish genera Nematolebias and Simpsonichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae). Neotropical Ichthyology, 4 (1): 17.