Hypsolebia antenori is a seasonal killifish considered to be broadly distributed along the Caatinga's basins of northeastern Brazil, with records in the coastal drainages of the rio Pacoti, rio Jaguaribe, córrego Virgílio and rio Apodi-Mossoró basins. Based on morphological characters and molecular phylogenetic reconstructions, it was possible to diagnose two new species and restrict H. antenori to the rio Jaguaribe basin. Hypsolebias gongobira new species is described from a temporary pool in the rio Pacoti basin in Ceará State, in syntopy with the species threatened H. longignatus. Hypsolebias bonita new species occurs in the floodplains of the rio Apodi-Mossoró basin and in the córrego Virgílio microbasin in the Furna Feia National Park, in Rio Grande do Norte State. We also discuss the conservation status of these new species and how the São Francisco Interbasin Water transfer, and the agricultural and urban expansion in the semiarid may be adversely affecting these seasonal killifishes.

This species can be productive, and the fry is small. Immediately after hatching, the fry should be fed with freshly hatched Artemia nauplii (brine shrimp) or better Paramecium. As most annual species do, they spawn by diving entirely into the substrate. It is best to provide a container with a lid on top in which a hole is made to allow the fish access. That container will need to have enough peat in it for the fish to dive completely into it. For most Hypsolebias species, egg development is complete after 8-10 weeks. However, it is wise also to check a few weeks earlier to see if any eggs have fully developed. Do not let the peat dry too far because the Hypsolebias like it moist. The development will be slower at storage temperatures between 21 and 24 Celsius and speed up at 25-29 Celsius. Before watering the eggs, put some eggs in the water of about 18-20 degrees Celsius to see if the eggs hatch correctly. That usually happens within 2-6 hours. Then, if eggs hatched well and fry, swim correctly, bring all remaining peat in the water. You may need to re-pack the peat after pouring over the first group of fry to a larger tank.

With regular water changes and sufficient food, the young will grow quickly, and after about 5-6 weeks, they can already produce their first eggs. Since this genus has an annual life cycle, the expected life span in captivity is not much more than 10 to 12 months. Their life expectancy is limited to when their pool still has water in the wild. This period can vary from 6 to 8 months.

Remark:

It is unfortunate that many species that were described never reached the fanciers. This is because newly discovered species are placed in alcohol shortly after their discovery and description. Since Brazilian regulations prohibit the keeping and distribution of these species within their own country and beyond, it is impossible to take photos of these species, and only photos from the original description can be taken.

Max. size 00 mm in males - female smaller.
Dorsal (average, male only ) 00.0,
Anal (average, male only ) 00.0,
D/A (average, male only ) 0.0,
LL scale count (average) 00.0
Pre- dorsal length to SL – 00.0 %
Depth to SL – 00.0 %
Vertebrae count (average) 00.0

Gomez-Abrantes Y; T.P. Anselmo-Ramos; D. de Madeiros-Bento and S. M. Queiroz Lima. 2023. Molecular delimitation of the seasonal killifishes of the Hypsolebias antenori species group (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), with description of two new species from the Caatinga coastal basins, northeastern Brazil

Literature: Costa, W. J. E. M. 2010. Historical biogeography of cynolebiasine annual killifishes inferred from dispersal- vicariance analysis. Journal of Biogeography, 37: 1995-2004.

Ponzetto Josi M., Ricardo Britzke, Dalton T. B. Nielsen, Patricia P. Parise-Maltempi& Anderson L. Alves. 2016. Phylogenetic relationships of Simpsonichthys subgenera (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae), including a proposal for a new genus. Zoologica Scripta, The Royal Swedish Acedemy of scienses.