Leptolucania was first described as a subgenus of Lucania by Myers in 1924 but in 1925 moved to the full genus level by the same author. Since than it is regarded as a distinct genus.

Type species is Leptolucania ommata original designated as Heterandria ommata, Jordan 1884.

L. ommata is the only taxon in Leptolucania and so is this genus monotypic.