Papiliolebias bitteri was described from the province Salta, Norwest Argentina, by Dr. Wilson Costa in 1998 and remained as a monotypic species till 2009. A new member of this genus, Papiliolebias hatinne, was described from Salta by Azpelicueta, M., C. Buti & G. García (2009). First Costa assigned Papiliolebias bitteri to the genus Plesiolebias, Costa 1989 but he became convinced it was necessary to create an new genus for it. This because a number of meristic differences to that genus and an abnormal spawning behaviour. Seegers however stated (in the book Aqualog) that the differences are very small and not consistent and the spawning behaviour is not as Costa sees it in every occasion. Not enough in his opinion to separate this genus from Plesiolebias. As long as no prove is given that he was wrong, Costa’s Papiliolebias will be the name of the genus.

Behaviour:

See the species page.